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Scientists have created a computer system which uses living brain cells to complete tasks. The computer, which they call "Brainoware," can recognize voices and do mathematical calculations. Experts think this technology could make AI more human-like.
科学家们创造了一种利用活脑细胞完成任务的打算机系统。这台被称为 “Brainoware ”的打算机可以识别声音并进行数学打算。专家们认为，这项技能可以让人工智能更像人类。
You've been looking at the headlines, Neil. What's the vocabulary people need to understand this story in English?
We have "biocomputer," "lab-grown," and "brain-like."
你一贯在关注头条新闻，尼尔。人们须要什么词汇才能用英语理解这个故事？
我们有 biocomputer， lab-grown和brain-like
This is News Review from BBC Learning English. Let’s have a look at our first headline.
这里是 BBC 英语学习频道的新闻评论。让我们来看看第一个标题。
This one's from K News: "Biocomputer using human brain tissue achieves voice recognition in latest AI enhancement."
这个来自 K News “利用人类脑组织的生物打算机 在最新的人工智能改进中实现了语音识别”
So, this story is about Brainoware, which is a technology that uses real brain cells to do things like recognize voices. We're looking at the word "biocomputer," which is made up of two parts: "bio" and "computer." But when we put them together, Neil, what’s the sense?
这篇宣布是关于 Brainoware 的，它是一种利用真实脑细胞进行语音识别的技能。我们在看 “生物打算机 ”这个词 它由两部分组成： “生物 “和 ”打算机” 但当我们把它们放在一起时 内尔 有什么意义呢？
You're right, Georgie. The word is made up of the prefix "bio" and the noun "computer." "Bio" means life or living things, so the study of living things is biology. And the second part is "computer." Well, we all know what that means. So, "biocomputer" means a living computer. The living part here is brain cells. Sounds a bit futuristic, doesn’t it?
你说得对 乔治 这个词由前缀 “bio ”和名词 “computer ”组成 “生物 "是生命或生物的意思 以是研究生物的便是生物学 第二部分是 "打算机” 我们都知道那是什么意思 以是，“生物打算机 ”便是指有生命的打算机。这里的 “活 ”指的是脑细胞。听起来有点未来主义，不是吗？
It does. It sounds like some kind of Hollywood sci-fi movie.
没错 听起来就像好莱坞的科幻电影。
So, a "biocomputer" is the combination of electronic hardware and real living cells, brain tissue here. The word "bio" features in lots of different words though, doesn't it, Georgie? Can you give us some examples?
因此，“生物打算机 ”是电子硬件和真正的活细胞（这里指脑组织）的结合。“生物 "这个词涌如今很多不同的词里，不是吗，乔治？能给我们举几个例子吗？
Sure. So, when you are talking about the environment, you might hear words like "biodegradable," which means that when you throw something away, it can be broken down by living things. Or "biofuel," which is a type of fuel made from living things like plants.
当然可以。以是，当你评论辩论环境时，你可能会听到 “可生物降解 ”这样的词，这意味着当你扔掉某样东西时，它可以被生物分解。或者 “生物燃料”，这是一种用植物等生物制造的燃料。
Okay, let’s look at that again. Let's have our next headline.
好了，让我们再看一遍。下一个标题
This one's from Nature: "Biocomputer combines lab-grown brain tissue with electronic hardware."
这个来自《自然》杂志 “生物打算机将实验室造就的脑组织 与电子硬件结合在一起”
So, this headline tells us a little bit more about the brain tissue that scientists are using. We're interested in the vocabulary "lab-grown." Again, it's got two parts, and we need to understand both to get the full meaning. Let’s start with "lab." What’s a "lab"?
以是，这个标题见告了我们更多关于科学家正在利用的脑组织的信息。我们对 “实验室造就 ”这个词汇很感兴趣。同样，它有两个部分，我们须要同时理解这两个部分才能得到完全的含义。让我们从 “实验室 ”开始。什么是 “实验室”？
So, "lab" is short for "laboratory," a science lab. It’s that place you might find scientists in white lab coats, doing experiments and looking through microscopes.
“实验室 “是 ”实验室 "的简称，即科学实验室。在这里，你可能会看到穿着白大褂的科学家在做实验，用显微镜不雅观察。
What about "grown"?
那么 “发展 ”呢？
Yeah, "grown" is the past participle of "grow," which means to get bigger. So, if the brain tissue is "lab-grown," it means that it was created and got bigger in a science lab.
是的，“grow ”是 “grow ”的过去分词，意思是变大。因此，如果脑组织是 “实验室成长 ”的，那就意味着它是在科学实验室里创造和成长的。
Now, to be clear, this brain is not a real human brain, is it?
现在要明确的是，这个大脑并不是真正的人类大脑，对吗？
No, the scientists did not take brain tissue from a real person’s brain. They created it using a type of cell called a "stem cell." But it’s not just brains they grow in labs. We also have "lab-grown meat."
不是，科学家们并没有从真人的大脑中提取脑组织。他们用一种叫做 “干细胞 ”的细胞创造了它。但在实验室里造就的不仅仅是大脑。我们还有 "实验室造就的肉”
Yeah, so lab-grown meat is meat created by scientists in a lab. There are no animals or farming involved. And you might also hear about "lab-grown" diamonds, a scientific process to create diamonds.
是的，实验室造就的肉类 是科学家在实验室里造就出来的肉类 不涉及动物或养殖业。你可能还听说过 “实验室造就 ”的钻石 也是通过科学方法造就出来的
Okay, let’s look at that again. Let's look at our next headline.
好吧，我们再来看看这个。我们来看下一个标题。
This one’s from the Financial Times: "Scientists use brain-like tissue in advance for biocomputing research."
这个来自《金融时报》 “科学家提前利用类脑组织进行生物打算研究"。
This time, we are focusing on "brain-like." Again, there are two parts: "brain" and "like." But the "like" here is not like as in "I like chocolate," is it, Neil?
这次，我们的重点是 “类脑”。同样，有两个部分： “脑 “和 ”像” 但这里的 “像 ”不是 “我喜好巧克力 ”中的 “像”，对吗，尼尔？
No. When you hear a word with "like" at the end, it means that something is similar to the noun it's connected to, but not exactly the same. So, here we have "brain-like tissue," and we’re saying that tissue is like a brain, but isn’t a real brain.
当你听到一个词尾有 “like ”时，它的意思是某物与它所连接的名词相似，但并不完备相同。以是，这里我们有 “类脑组织” 我们说这个组织像大脑 但不是真正的大脑
Yes, and as you said earlier, AI is becoming more human-like. That doesn’t mean it is a human; it means it’s behaving more in a human way. Another example: Neil, I saw you the other day wearing a very smart business suit. You looked business-like!
是的，正如你刚才所说，人工智能正变得越来越像人类。这并不虞味着它便是人类，而是说它的行为更像人类了。再举一个例子： 尼尔，前几天我看到你穿着一套非常帅气的商务套装。你看起来很商务！
Yes, well, actually I was on my way to interview a very important person, so I had to look professional.
是的，事实上，我正要去采访一个非常主要的人，以是我必须看起来很专业。
Yes, it's important to be business-like in that situation.
是的，在那种情形下，商务范儿很主要。
Let’s look at that again.We’ve had "biocomputer," a computer made of living tissue, "lab-grown," made in a science laboratory, and "brain-like," similar to but not a real brain. Watch more News Review on our website and learn how to talk about world events in English.
让我们再来看看这个问题。我们已经有了 “生物打算机”，一种由活组织制成的打算机；“实验室培养”，在科学实验室中制造；“类脑”，类似但不是真正的大脑。在我们的网站上不雅观看更多新闻回顾，学习如何用英语评论辩论天下大事。
Thank you for joining us, and goodbye!
Goodbye!
感谢您的参与，再见！
再见
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Complete 和Finish 的差异:
Complete 强调的是一个过程的所有部分都被做完，任务达到预期目标或标准。Finish 强调的是韶光上的结束，不一定意味着每个细节都已完成,仅仅描述大略行为或过程结束。Scientists have created a computer system which uses living brain cells to complete tasks.科学家们创建了一个利用活体脑细胞完成任务的打算机系统。I need to complete the report by tomorrow.我须要在来日诰日之前完成报告。I finished my homework last night.我昨晚完成了作业When you finish eating, please wash your dishes.吃完后请洗碗。Achieve
通过努力或行动成功地完成某件事
Biocomputer using human brain tissue achieves voice recognition in latest AI enhancement.（利用人脑组织的生物打算机在最新的人工智能增强技能中实现了语音识别。）She worked hard to achieve her dream of becoming a doctor.她努力实现了成为年夜夫的梦想。）Achieve 的同义表达:
Accomplish: 强调完成特定的目标或任务，常日是经由努力的。"The team accomplished their mission."Attain: 强调通过努力或行动得到某种状态、职位或目标，常用于抽象的目标。"He attained a high level of proficiency in English."Realize: 实现，常日用于描述梦想、目标或空想的实现。"She realized her ambition of starting her own business."Fulfill: 实现某种欲望或达到某种哀求，强调知足条件或期望。"He fulfilled his lifelong dream of traveling the world."Succeed in: 强调在某个领域或任务中取获胜利。"She succeeded in passing the exam."Latest 最新的
强调韶光上的最近/刚发生的/当前阶段的，常日用于新发布的技能、产品或事宜
Biocomputer using human brain tissue achieves voice recognition in latest AI enhancement.（利用人脑组织的生物打算机在最新的人工智能增强技能中实现了语音识别。）This is the latest version of the software.（这是软件的最新版本。）be made up of 由……组成
强调事物是由多少部分或身分构成的。常日表示这些部分仍旧可以分辨出来，没有发生根本性变革。
We're looking at the word 'biocomputer,' which is made up of two parts: 'bio' and 'computer.' 我们来看一下“biocomputer”这个词，它由两部分组成：“bio”和“computer”。The team is made up of experts from various fields.这个团队由来自各个领域的专家组成。Be made from / Be made of / Be made up of 的差异
Be made from
意思: 强调制造过程中材料发生了化学或物理上的变革，无法再识别原材料。用法: 常用于描述加工、制作时，原材料被转变成了其他东西。例子:"Paper is made from wood."（纸是由木头制成的。——木头变成纸，形态已经改变。）Be made of意思: 强调事物的原材料或身分没有发生实质上的变革，仍旧可以看出它的构成材料。用法: 描述事物的组成部分，但这些部分保持原状。例子:"This table is made of wood."（这张桌子是由木头做的。——木头依然可见。）Be made up of意思: 强调事物由多少部分或成员构成，这些部分可以分辨出来，常日强调构造或组成的多样性。用法: 用于表示组成事物的多个身分或部分，仍旧可以看出它们是个别部分。例子:"The committee is made up of five members."（委员会由五名成员组成。——这些成员作为独立个体存在。）总结：
Be made from: 原材料发生了变革，不再能识别原来的物质。Be made of: 原材料仍旧可见，形态没有改变。Be made up of: 强调由不同的部分或身分组合而成，且各部分仍可分辨。Break down 分解
使某物质分解成更大略或更小的部分，常日是由于自然的化学或生物过程。
Biodegradable materials can break down naturally in the environment.可生物降解的材料可以在自然环境等分解。Break down 的其他用法
机器或系统故障: 表示机器、车辆或系统等停滞正常运转。My car broke down on the way to work.（我的车在上班途中坏了。）情绪崩溃: 表示人因感情激动而失落控或崩溃，常日是哭泣或感情爆发。She broke down in tears after hearing the news.（她听到这个后感情崩溃，哭了起来。）剖析: 表示将繁芜的事情分解成小部分进行剖析或谈论。Let me break down the project into smaller tasks.（让我把这个项目分解成更小的任务。）Be short for 是...的简写
TV is short for television.（TV 是 television 的缩写。）The U.S. is short for the United States.（U.S. 是 United States 的缩写。）同义表达：
Be an abbreviation of: 表示某个词是另一词的缩写。Dr. is an abbreviation of Doctor.（Dr. 是 Doctor 的缩写。）Stand for: 表示某个词或符号代表或表示另一个词。NASA stands for National Aeronautics and Space Administration.（NASA 代表国家航空航天局。）Be a contraction of: 表示某个词是另一个词的缩略形式，常日用于口语或非正式书面语。Can't is a contraction of cannot.（Can't 是 cannot 的缩写。）Involved 参与某事或被某事牵扯。
The project was complicated and required many people to be involved.（这个项目很繁芜，须要很多人参与。）She was deeply involved in community service.（她积极参与社区做事。）There were several factors involved in the decision-making process.（决策过程中涉及多个成分。）In advance事先；提前
You need to book your tickets in advance to secure a seat.（你须要提前预定票以确保有座位。）Please notify me in advance if you can't attend the meeting.（如果你不能参加会议，请提前关照我。）She prepared her presentation well in advance of the conference.（她在会议之前很早就准备好了演讲。）同义表达
Ahead of time: 在某事之前的韶光，常日用于强调提前Make sure to finish your report ahead of time.（确保提前完成报告。）Beforehand: 在某事发生之前，常日用于准备或安排。We should discuss the agenda beforehand.（我们该当事先谈论议程。）Prior to: 在某事之前，常日用于正式场合或书面语中。Please complete the application prior to the deadline.（请在截止日期之前完成申请。）Be similar to 和某事物相似；具有相似的特色或性子。
Her style of writing is similar to that of her favorite author.（她的写作风格和她最喜好的作者相似。）This fabric is similar to the one we used last year, but it has a different texture.（这种布料与我们去年利用的布料相似，但质地不同。）The two paintings are similar to each other in color but differ in subject matter.（这两幅画在颜色上相似，但主题不同。）同义表达
Resemble: 在某些方面与某事物相似。The puppy resembles its mother.（小狗和它的母亲相似。）Have similarities to: 与某事物有相似之处。This theory has similarities to earlier studies.（这个理论与早期的研究有相似之处。）反义表达
Be different from: 与某事物不同，强调差异。This approach is different from the one we used last time.（这种方法与我们上次利用的方法不同。）
As you said 正如你所说的
它常日用于确认或引用对方之前所说的话，表明对方的不雅观点或信息是被接管的。
同义表达
As you mentionedAs you notedAs you pointed outAs previously stated----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
biocomputer - a computer made of living tissue
Scientists are excited about combining electronics with living cells to make biocomputers.
Because they use real tissue, biocomputers may be more energy efficient than normal computers.
lab-grown - made in a science laboratory
Some skincare products now use lab-grown ingredients.
Lab-grown meat could be a more sustainable alternative to traditional farming.
brain-like - similar to, but not a real, brain
The artist’s sculpture looked very brain-like.
The robot is controlled by a brain-like network of electronic signals.